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281 lines
8.0 KiB
Plaintext
281 lines
8.0 KiB
Plaintext
zmq(7)
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======
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NAME
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----
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zmq - 0MQ lightweight messaging kernel
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SYNOPSIS
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--------
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*#include <zmq.h>*
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*cc* ['flags'] 'files' *-lzmq* ['libraries']
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DESCRIPTION
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-----------
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The 0MQ lightweight messaging kernel is a library which extends the standard
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socket interfaces with features traditionally provided by specialised
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_messaging middleware_ products. 0MQ sockets provide an abstraction of
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asynchronous _message queues_, multiple _messaging patterns_, message
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filtering (_subscriptions_), seamless access to multiple _transport protocols_
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and more.
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This documentation presents an overview of 0MQ concepts, describes how 0MQ
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abstracts standard sockets and provides a reference manual for the functions
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provided by the 0MQ library.
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Context
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~~~~~~~
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The 0MQ 'context' keeps the list of sockets and manages the async I/O thread
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and internal queries.
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Before using any 0MQ library functions you must create a 0MQ 'context'. When
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you exit your application you must destroy the 'context'. These functions let
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you work with 'contexts':
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Create a new 0MQ context::
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linkzmq:zmq_ctx_new[3]
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Work with context properties::
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linkzmq:zmq_ctx_set[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_ctx_get[3]
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Destroy a 0MQ context::
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linkzmq:zmq_ctx_shutdown[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_ctx_term[3]
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Thread safety
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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A 0MQ 'context' is thread safe and may be shared among as many application
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threads as necessary, without any additional locking required on the part of
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the caller.
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Individual 0MQ 'sockets' are _not_ thread safe except in the case where full
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memory barriers are issued when migrating a socket from one thread to another.
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In practice this means applications can create a socket in one thread with
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_zmq_socket()_ and then pass it to a _newly created_ thread as part of thread
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initialisation, for example via a structure passed as an argument to
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_pthread_create()_.
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Multiple contexts
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Multiple 'contexts' may coexist within a single application. Thus, an
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application can use 0MQ directly and at the same time make use of any number of
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additional libraries or components which themselves make use of 0MQ as long as
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the above guidelines regarding thread safety are adhered to.
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Messages
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~~~~~~~~
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A 0MQ message is a discrete unit of data passed between applications or
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components of the same application. 0MQ messages have no internal structure and
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from the point of view of 0MQ itself they are considered to be opaque binary
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data.
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The following functions are provided to work with messages:
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Initialise a message::
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linkzmq:zmq_msg_init[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_msg_init_size[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_msg_init_buffer[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_msg_init_data[3]
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Sending and receiving a message::
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linkzmq:zmq_msg_send[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_msg_recv[3]
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Release a message::
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linkzmq:zmq_msg_close[3]
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Access message content::
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linkzmq:zmq_msg_data[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_msg_size[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_msg_more[3]
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Work with message properties::
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linkzmq:zmq_msg_gets[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_msg_get[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_msg_set[3]
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Message manipulation::
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linkzmq:zmq_msg_copy[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_msg_move[3]
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Sockets
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~~~~~~~
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0MQ sockets present an abstraction of an asynchronous _message queue_, with the
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exact queueing semantics depending on the socket type in use. See
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linkzmq:zmq_socket[3] for the socket types provided.
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The following functions are provided to work with sockets:
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Creating a socket::
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linkzmq:zmq_socket[3]
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Closing a socket::
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linkzmq:zmq_close[3]
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Manipulating socket options::
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linkzmq:zmq_getsockopt[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_setsockopt[3]
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Establishing a message flow::
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linkzmq:zmq_bind[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_connect[3]
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Sending and receiving messages::
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linkzmq:zmq_msg_send[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_msg_recv[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_send[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_recv[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_send_const[3]
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Monitoring socket events::
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linkzmq:zmq_socket_monitor[3]
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.Input/output multiplexing
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0MQ provides a mechanism for applications to multiplex input/output events over
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a set containing both 0MQ sockets and standard sockets. This mechanism mirrors
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the standard _poll()_ system call, and is described in detail in
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linkzmq:zmq_poll[3]. This API is deprecated, however.
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There is a new DRAFT API with multiple zmq_poller_* function, which is described
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in linkzmq:zmq_poller[3].
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Transports
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~~~~~~~~~~
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A 0MQ socket can use multiple different underlying transport mechanisms.
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Each transport mechanism is suited to a particular purpose and has its own
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advantages and drawbacks.
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The following transport mechanisms are provided:
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Unicast transport using TCP::
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linkzmq:zmq_tcp[7]
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Reliable multicast transport using PGM::
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linkzmq:zmq_pgm[7]
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Local inter-process communication transport::
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linkzmq:zmq_ipc[7]
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Local in-process (inter-thread) communication transport::
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linkzmq:zmq_inproc[7]
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Virtual Machine Communications Interface (VMC) transport::
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linkzmq:zmq_vmci[7]
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Unreliable unicast and multicast using UDP::
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linkzmq:zmq_udp[7]
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Proxies
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~~~~~~~
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0MQ provides 'proxies' to create fanout and fan-in topologies. A proxy connects
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a 'frontend' socket to a 'backend' socket and switches all messages between the
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two sockets, opaquely. A proxy may optionally capture all traffic to a third
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socket. To start a proxy in an application thread, use linkzmq:zmq_proxy[3].
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Security
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~~~~~~~~
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A 0MQ socket can select a security mechanism. Both peers must use the same
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security mechanism.
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The following security mechanisms are provided for IPC and TCP connections:
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Null security::
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linkzmq:zmq_null[7]
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Plain-text authentication using username and password::
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linkzmq:zmq_plain[7]
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Elliptic curve authentication and encryption::
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linkzmq:zmq_curve[7]
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Generate a CURVE keypair in armored text format::
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linkzmq:zmq_curve_keypair[3]
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Derive a CURVE public key from a secret key:
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linkzmq:zmq_curve_public[3]
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Converting keys to/from armoured text strings::
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linkzmq:zmq_z85_decode[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_z85_encode[3]
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ERROR HANDLING
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--------------
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The 0MQ library functions handle errors using the standard conventions found on
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POSIX systems. Generally, this means that upon failure a 0MQ library function
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shall return either a NULL value (if returning a pointer) or a negative value
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(if returning an integer), and the actual error code shall be stored in the
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'errno' variable.
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On non-POSIX systems some users may experience issues with retrieving the
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correct value of the 'errno' variable. The _zmq_errno()_ function is provided
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to assist in these cases; for details refer to linkzmq:zmq_errno[3].
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The _zmq_strerror()_ function is provided to translate 0MQ-specific error codes
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into error message strings; for details refer to linkzmq:zmq_strerror[3].
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UTILITY
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-------
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The following utility functions are provided:
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Working with atomic counters::
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linkzmq:zmq_atomic_counter_new[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_atomic_counter_set[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_atomic_counter_inc[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_atomic_counter_dec[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_atomic_counter_value[3]
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linkzmq:zmq_atomic_counter_destroy[3]
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MISCELLANEOUS
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-------------
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The following miscellaneous functions are provided:
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Report 0MQ library version::
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linkzmq:zmq_version[3]
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LANGUAGE BINDINGS
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-----------------
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The 0MQ library provides interfaces suitable for calling from programs in any
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language; this documentation documents those interfaces as they would be used
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by C programmers. The intent is that programmers using 0MQ from other languages
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shall refer to this documentation alongside any documentation provided by the
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vendor of their language binding.
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Language bindings ($$C++$$, Python, PHP, Ruby, Java and more) are provided by
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members of the 0MQ community and pointers can be found on the 0MQ website.
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AUTHORS
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-------
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This page was written by the 0MQ community. To make a change please
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read the 0MQ Contribution Policy at <http://www.zeromq.org/docs:contributing>.
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RESOURCES
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---------
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Main web site: <http://www.zeromq.org/>
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Report bugs to the 0MQ development mailing list: <zeromq-dev@lists.zeromq.org>
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COPYING
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-------
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Free use of this software is granted under the terms of the GNU Lesser General
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Public License (LGPL). For details see the files `COPYING` and `COPYING.LESSER`
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included with the 0MQ distribution.
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